Merge branch 'second' into 'master'

readme - part 2

See merge request iocla/tema-1-2025-private!1

README.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The translation should be as simple as possible while covering basic arithmetic
 
 ## Conventions and Guidelines
 
-Because we want to prevent you from having to juggle with registers and 
+Because we want to prevent you from having to juggle with registers and allocate memory for vectors.
 
 - **Basic Register Mapping:**
   - `A` → `eax`
@@ -103,3 +103,108 @@ When multiplying with MUL, the multiplication will actually take EAX and source2
 The last 3 rows represent the second operation.
 
 **Note**: For simplicity, we will never use eax as source2, and we will never never use the value from EDX.
+
+### Shift operations
+
+SHL (Shift left) and SHR (Shift right) are bitwise shift instructions.
+
+#### Usage - shl, shr
+
+`SHL destination, no_bits_shifted`
+
+`SHR destination, no_bits_shifted`
+
+- SHL:  Moves bits to the left, filling the rightmost bits with zeros. Each shift effectively **multiplies** the value by 2.
+  - Example: `00001100` (`12` in decimal) shifted left by 1 becomes `00011000` (`24` in decimal).
+
+
+- SHR: Moves bits to the right, filling the leftmost bits with zeros. Each shift effectively **divides** the value by 2.
+  - Example: `00001100` (`12` in decimal) shifted left by 1 becomes `00000110` (`6` in decimal).
+
+
+| **C Code**       | **ASM Code**    |
+|-------------     |---------------- |
+| `a = a << 1`     | `SHL eax, 1`    |
+| `b = b >> 2`     | `SHR ebx, 2`    |
+
+
+### Conditional Statements
+
+#### CMP Instrunction
+
+`CMP` instruction compares two values by substracting the second operand from the first. It updates CPU flags, but does not store the result.
+
+#### Usage - cmp
+
+`CMP operand1, operand2`
+
+- Example:
+
+  `MOV eax, 3`
+
+  `CMP eax, 3` ; Compares eax with 3
+
+  `JE equal_label` ; Jumps to label "equal_label" if eax == 3 (Zero flag is set)
+
+
+### Jumps
+
+Here's a short description of each conditional jump:
+
+- **JMP** (Jump): Jumps to the given label.
+- **JE** (Jump if Equal): Jumps to the given label if the two compared values are equal (e.g.: `CMP` sets the Zero Flag).
+- **JNE** (Jump if Not Equal): Jumps if the two values are not equal (Zero Flag is not set).
+- **JG** (Jump if Greater): Jumps if the first value is greater than the second (Signed comparison).
+- **JGE** (Jump if Greater or Equal): Jumps if the first value is greater than or equal to the second.
+- **JL** (Jump if Less): Jumps if the first value is less than the second.
+- **JLE** (Jump if Less or Equal): Jumps if the first value is less than or equal to the second.
+
+#### Usage
+
+`JMP label`
+
+`JE label`
+
+`JNE label`
+
+`JG label`
+
+`JL label`
+
+#### C - ASM translation
+
+| **C Code**                  | **ASM Code**            |
+|-------------                |----------------         |
+| `if (a == b) {`             | `CMP eax, ebx`          |
+|                             | `JNE else_label`        |
+|     `// some code here`     | `; some code here`      |
+|                             | `JMP end_if`            |
+| `} else {`                  | `else_label:`           |
+|     `some other code here`  | `; some other code here`|
+| `}`                         | `end_if:`               |
+
+### Loops - for, while
+
+#### `for` loop
+
+| **C Code**                               | **ASM Code**          |
+|-------------                             |----------------       |
+| `for (a = 0; a < 10; a++) {`             | `MOV eax, 0`          |
+|                                          | `start_loop:`         |
+|                                          | `CMP eax, 10`         |
+|                                          | `JGE end_loop`        |
+| `// some code here`                      | `; some code here`    |
+|                                          | `ADD eax, 1`          |
+|                                          | `JMP start_loop`      |
+| `}`                                      | `end_loop:`           |
+
+#### `while` loop
+
+| **C Code**                  | **ASM Code**                                                  |
+|-------------                |----------------                                               |
+| `while (b < 5) {`           | `start_loop:`                                                 |
+|                             | `CMP ebx, 5`                                                  |
+|                             | `JGE end_loop`                                                |
+| `// some code here`         | `; some code that makes b greater than or equal to 5`            |
+|                             | `JMP start_loop`                                              |
+| `}`                         | `end_loop:`                                                   |        
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